Red tide is a kind of water bloom phenomenon which is marine disaster. It refers to the sudden increase in value and aggregation of some tiny plankton, protozoa or bacteria in the ocean in a certain environment and conditions, which leads to the discoloration in a certain time period and scope of the water body.

       “赤潮”只是一个术语，赤潮也不一定是全是红色，而是许多类似现象的统称。当发生赤潮时，根据引起赤潮的生物的数量和类型，海水通常为红色，黄色， 绿色和棕色等。

       Red tide, being a general term, does not mean the color of the water is always red, and the color of the water body is usually red, yellow, green and brown depending on the number and types of organisms.

       “赤潮”的形成主要有浮游生物与人类活动两大原因。

      There are two main reasons for the formation of red tide and they are plankton and human activities respectively.

       海洋浮游生物是一类海洋生物，它们缺乏发达的运动器官，没有或仅有很弱的游泳能力，它们悬浮在水层中并经常随洋流运动。其中，通过光合作用将海水中的无机化合物转化为生物代谢所需的有机化合物的称为浮游植物，它们没有这种能力。必须将浮游植物用作诱饵者才称为浮游动物。据初步统计，全世界各种大洋中有 180 多种可形成赤潮的浮游生物，其中 63 种在中国的浮游生物中被列出。

(1) A large number of wastes from industry, agricultural production and pig farms and domestic sewage as well are discharged into the sea without treatment, leading to the more serious eutrophication of the offshore areas and harbors.

(2) Due to the rapid development of coastal areas, the expansion of marine aquaculture has polluted the marine environment and the aquaculture industry itself. Besides, the self-pollution of marine aquaculture is also one of the factors causing red tide.

(3) The development of the global maritime industry has led to the introduction of harmful red tide species from abroad.

(4) Global climate change has also led to the frequent occurrence of red tide.

参考文献 References

［1］俞志明，陈楠生．国内外赤潮的发展趋势与研究热点［J］.海洋与湖沼，2019，50(3) : 474-486．

［2］梁玉波，李冬梅，姚敬元等．中国近海藻毒素及有毒微藻产毒原因种调查研究进展［J］．海洋与湖沼，2019，50(3) : 511-524．

本文来源：南海海洋资源利用国家重点实验室

供稿：陈旭冉 硕士研究生

翻译：张宇